In most cases, it is easiest to divide a perennial plant by first digging and lifting the entire plant. If that is the case, use a shovel or flat edged spade and slice completely around the outer perimeter of the plant, a few inches away from the foliage. Slice down several inches deep, at least 6 inches for most plants and more for extremely large, well-rooted plants. The idea is to dig as much of the root ball as possible.
Try and keep the soil intact around the root ball. This is an additional advantage of watering the soil around the plant. Wet soil adheres better than dry soil.
Once you have sliced completely around the plant, you will see the plant beginning to lift out of the hole. Try lifting the plant out of the hole with the shovel. It may be too heavy to lift this way. If so, use the shovel as a lever and lift the plant manually. Place it on level ground nearby.
